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Producer
Edouard Manduau (°1855 - †1937)
Theme
justice, physical violence
Legend
This ink sketch by Edouard Manduau, who worked as an agent for the AIC, was found in his archives. H.M. Stanley acknowledges in his journal "Congo 1878-1882" that he used the chain. "I had no other recourse than to use boat chains to make neck collars in order to chain prisoners together" (February 1882, p.436). Camille Coquilhat wrote in 1888: "In this virgin territory, where the white man has to get big results with few resources, the abolition of these instruments would be absurd and dangerous" (Sur le Haut-Congo, Paris, 1888, p.101). The chicotte whip and the chain as described by Manduau during his mission for the AIC remained in use throughout the whole history of Congo Free State and during the period of Belgian colonisation.
Dimensions
9,5 cm x 15 cm
Technique
graphic arts > drawing > ink
Inventory number
HO.1956.90.217-5
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